Neurosurgery or neurological surgery is the medical specialty focussed upon the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery is also commonly known as brain surgery. The neurosurgery treatment specialization encompasses adult as well as pediatric patients. A neurological surgeon may provide surgical and/or non-surgical treatment depending on the nature of the injury or disease.
Depending on the type of condition and the particular region of the body affected, the symptoms of neurological disorders vary significantly. In some conditions, you may experience emotional symptoms, whereas in some other conditions there may be specific physical symptoms. The types of neurosurgery options in India are as follows:
The manifestations of neurogenetic diseases are caused by gene and chromosome modifications. The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles are affected by these conditions. Neurogenetic disorders at birth or later in childhood may cause health problems. Neurogenetic Disorders are of different types like epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, brain malformations, pediatric stroke, etc. Many treatments include surgery and therapeutic interventions.
The cranial base is a small but highly complex region at the bottom of the skull, through which any nerve which links the brain to the rest of the body must move. You can experience neurological issues such as headaches, facial pain, blurred vision, dizziness, and seizures if you have a cranial base condition. Such signs tend to occur when the tumor is large enough to strain nerves or the brain. Cranial base diseases include conditions like Cushing’s disease, pituitary tumors, facial nerve disorders, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, etc.
A brain tumor is an abnormal cell mass or growth in your brain. Some brain tumors are non-cancerous (benign). While others can be cancerous (malignant). Brain tumors may originate in your brain (primary brain tumors), or cancer may begin in other parts of your body, spreading to your brain (secondary or metastatic brain tumors).
Treatment options for brain tumors depend on the type of brain tumor you have, the size and location of the tumor. Minimally invasive scarless brain surgery, radiosurgery, etc, are some of the procedural options available to effectively treat a brain tumor.
Neurovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality and adult disabilities caused by abnormalities related to the blood vessels inside the brain and spine or the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain and spine. It involves artery narrowing, which decreases blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of stroke. In fact, a neurovascular disorder may cause the arteries to collapse, which can lead to brain aneurysms and other disorders that increase the risk of a stroke. Neurovascular diseases include stroke, brain aneurysms, intracranial vascular disease, venous sinus thrombosis, etc.
Neuro-spine surgery is done to correct spinal cord disorders and injuries. The treatment revives pain in the spinal cord and allows the blocked nerves to function properly. The treatment also corrects the problems of the lower back and neck. Cervical and lumbar disk surgery, degenerative spine surgery, spine tumor surgery, spinal injury and fracture, and image-guided and keyhole surgery or minimally invasive spine surgery are some of the spine surgeries performed. To relieve painful symptoms, correct misalignment, and restore spinal structures, neuro-spine surgeons may perform multiple forms of surgery. Neuro-spine surgery can repair dysfunctional spinal cord defects, nerves, ligaments, vertebrae, and discs. With the advancement in technology and surgical intervention, minimally invasive Neuro-spine surgeries are performed which provides faster recovery, lesser incisions, and little or no bleeding.
Surgical thrombectomy is a procedure that involves removing a blood clot from an artery or vein. Blood flows freely through your blood vessels, arteries, and veins in normal circumstances. Your arteries deliver oxygen and nutrients to your body through blood. A surgeon makes an incision into a blood vessel during a surgical thrombectomy. The blood vessel is repaired after the clot is removed. This aids in the re-establishment of blood flow. A balloon or other device may be inserted into the blood vessel to help keep it open in some cases.
Aneurysm repair is surgery that corrects an aneurysm in the brain. This is a weak spot in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to bulge or balloon out and occasionally burst (rupture). It has the potential to cause: Bleeding into the brain’s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (also called a subarachnoid hemorrhage) Bleeding into the brain, resulting in a blood clot (hematoma)
A neurosurgeon cuts a hole in the skull to remove a brain tumor. This operation is called a craniotomy. The surgeon tries to remove the entire tumor whenever possible. Your doctor may remove as much of the tumor as possible if it cannot be completely removed without causing damage to vital brain tissue.
A severe brain hemorrhage might necessitate surgery. Surgical intervention could be used to relieve some of the pressure on the brain. A surgeon may remove part of the skull and clip the artery if a burst cerebral aneurysm causes a hemorrhage. A craniotomy is a name for this procedure.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is a procedure that removes excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain’s (hydrocephalus) cavities (ventricles).
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a highly precise form of therapeutic radiation that can be used to treat cancer, epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and arteriovenous malformations in the brain and spine.
Patients with certain types of brain tumors and disorders no longer have to “go under the knife” or endure physically exhausting radiation therapy to find relief. With Gamma Knife technology, specialists can deliver over 200 beams of radiation to tumors and lesions with scalpel-like precision. The Gamma Knife procedure has been around for a long time, despite many people have never heard of it. Unlike traditional surgery, Gamma Knife procedures do not use a “knife” or a scalpel. There are no incisions at all. It is never necessary to open the skull.
SRS (stereotactic radiosurgery) is a highly precise radiation therapy originally developed to treat small brain tumors and functional abnormalities. The principles of cranial SRS, namely high precision radiation with delivery accuracy of one to two millimeters, are now being used to treat body tumors with a procedure called stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
The CyberKnife System is a minimally invasive treatment for cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, as well as other conditions that require radiation therapy. It can be used to treat conditions in the prostate, lung, brain, spine, head and neck, liver, pancreas, and kidney, and can be used as an alternative to surgery or for patients with inoperable or surgically complex tumors. Treatments with the CyberKnife are usually completed in one to five sessions. The CyberKnife System has been used to help thousands of cancer patients for more than two decades.
Cancer and some noncancerous tumors are treated with proton therapy. Because of the tumor’s proximity to delicate and vitally important normal tissues and structures, proton therapy for brain tumors is generally recommended. Furthermore, primary brain cancer tumors tend to start – and stay – in the brain, making proton therapy a more viable option. Proton therapy allows for highly effective and potentially higher doses of radiation to target brain cancer with less injury to surrounding tissues, reducing the risk of new neurological deficits, hormonal deficiencies, or intellectual impairment, and maximizing tumor control while minimizing collateral damage and treatment effects.
The prices may vary depending upon the hospitals in different cities. Typically the cost of neurosurgery in India cost between.